Qur’an
Qur’an reading
Qur’an reading is the reading (tarteel, tajwid, or taghbir) aloud, reciting, or chanting of portions of the Qur’an. It is not considered music by Muslims and when recited the style is structurally dissimilar from music (even secular Arab music. The reciter is called a muqri’ , murattil, mujawwid, or most commonly a qari. (Touma 1996, p.153-154)
Recitation should be done according to rules of pronunciation, intonation, and caesuras established by Muhammad, though first recorded in the eighth century CE. The most popular reading is that of Hafss on the authority of `asim. Qur’an reading may be based on one to three tones only. Similarly, each melodic passage centers on a single tone level, but the melodic contour and melodic passages are largely shaped by the reading rules, creating passages of different lengths whose temporal expansion is defined through caesuras. Skilled readers may read professionally for mosques in cities. Recitation is preferably done at dawn.
The Qur’an is marked with twenty-six symbols, circles, rectangles, dashes and letters, some in color. These are written above, below, or beside the letters of the alphabet. They indicate the pronunciation of consonants, whether the blending of neighboring or adjacent consonants is allowed, and where recitation pauses and caesuras are forbidden and possible (ibid, p. 155). In this last respect their function is analogous to that of Biblical cantillation marks, but unlike these they do not constitute a word-for-word notation of musical motifs.
In Islam, there is an obligation called Tajwid or Tajweed – to recite every letter correctly. Records broadcast in Islamic countries often have to pass a test of clarity. Compared to the much of the rest of the world, the diction of singers is therefore of very high quality.
